Asset allocation outlook: balance of risks tilt to the downside

As we near the midpoint of 2024, the monetary policy landscape is some distance from what markets anticipated at the start of the year. A holding pattern persists, and uncertainty remains around how hard or soft the landing will be when it comes. In our view, several key themes are poised to shape financial markets in the coming months.

1 Equities remain strong, but divergence is occurring

Broad equity markets continue to demonstrate strong performance, a trend bolstered by the robust American consumer and stable job market. These factors have helped global economies avoid significant downturns, suggesting a continuation of this positive trajectory; however, increasing desynchronization among developed economies introduces complexities that investors need to manage.

In the United States, economic resilience stands in stark contrast to the situation in the United Kingdom and Japan, where economies have either flirted with or entered recessionary periods—defined as two consecutive quarters of negative growth. Other G7 nations appear to be on a comparable path. In contrast, Asian markets broadly offer diverse investment opportunities, with South Korea and Japan emphasizing their manufacturing strengths, and India benefiting from vigorous domestic activity.
 

2 Bond markets are currently adjusting to new realities

The previously expected easing in the federal funds rate starting mid-2024 has been scaled back to potentially one cut, with debate about whether the U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) might hold rates steady for the remainder of the year. This recalibration in expectations is likely to keep fixed-income volatility high and maintain upward pressure on rates across the yield curve. While the global rate-hiking cycle may have concluded, navigating the evolving landscape requires caution.

3 European monetary policy may move ahead of the Fed

Market consensus suggests that the European Central Bank and the Bank of England may adjust their policies ahead of the Fed. Switzerland became the first major economy to cut interest rates after a surprise 0.25% cut in March to take its main interest rate to 1.50%. Also in March, Mexico cut its interest rate by 0.25%, taking its overnight interest rate to 11%, while Brazil lowered its interest rate to 10.75%, cutting by 0.50%.
 

4 Gold surges to new highs with a strong outlook

Despite higher interest rates and a stronger U.S. dollar, gold has surged 15% since early February. We believe that it could have further to go as recent strength is underpinned by several distinct factors, namely:

• Geopolitical risk—is a traditional driver of demand, which is being fueled by conflicts in the Middle East as well as the Russian-Ukraine war. In the United States, higher volatility leading into the presidential elections is also driving demand.
• Non-U.S. central bank demand—has been strong over the past couple of years as central banks have increased buying to diversify their reserves.
• Inflation hedging—using gold as an inflation hedge is another traditional driver.
• Individual consumption—China overtook India to become the largest consumer of gold in 2023; both markets have traditionally seen strong personal consumption demand, and this looks set to continue.

As well as increasing by 15% since early February, the metal has also broken through its price pattern, potentially suggesting a higher price range going forward.

We believe that gold combined with a broader mix of commodities may offer attractive potential upside for investors, especially as higher inflation and interest-rate volatility dilute the effectiveness of long duration bonds as a diversifier to equities.

Looking ahead, the enduring narrative of higher-for-longer interest rates presents some challenges for asset classes that would benefit from more accommodating monetary policy, such as U.S. small caps, which typically gain momentum in an easing cycle. Elevated valuations in the United States introduce risks related to corporate earnings, such as the possibility that the market's response to earnings reports may introduce volatility. Understanding these dynamics and some of the crosscurrents at play, while remaining adaptable, will be essential for navigating the anticipated complexities of global financial markets. 

Knowing what to expect from asset classes is essential in building robust portfolios. Read the latest asset allocation views from the Multi-Asset Solutions Team at Manulife Investment Management.